A Rose for Emily Short Review Essay Example

A Rose for Emily: Short Review Essay In William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, Emily Grierson had an exacting relationship with her dad. In spite of the fact that there is just a short depiction of him, he assumes a noteworthy job in the improvement of her character. The idea of Emily’s relationship with Homer Barron was extremely outrageous on the grounds that he is a Northerner and it doesn’t show up as though they will ever be hitched. After the passing of her dad, she got subject to him. Emily got enabled by her activities in the story, inciting her to execute Homer. Faulkner depicts this in the story by†¦. ? Miss Emily was raised to be extremely dependent on the main male figure in her life, her dad. Emilys relationship with her dad can be seen in what the storyteller portrays as â€Å"the scene they had developed of her: Miss Emily a thin figure in white out of sight, her dad a spraddled outline in the forefront, his back to her and gripping a horsewhip, both of them confined by the back-flung door† (A Rose for Emily, 2). The scene represents his savagery and strength, and her virtuous womanliness. He was controlling, declining to let her carry on with her very own existence. Just as a spouse since had driven â€Å"all the youthful men† away (A Rose for Emily, 3). We will compose a custom exposition test on A Rose for Emily: Short Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on A Rose for Emily: Short Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on A Rose for Emily: Short Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer At that point it’s obvious to the peruser that her dad is egotistical. When he died, she had nobody to be reliant on any longer, yet she couldn’t be free since a solid male figure was no longer in her life. he needs to grapple with having no cash and a huge secluded home. Homer Barron was a foreman who was visiting the area assisting with the clearing of walkways. Emily got beguiled by him and would have presumably hitched him. Sadly, for her he was not the wedding type. The town turned out to be exceptionally mindful of Miss Emily’s relationship with him, however humiliates her by playing with her feelings and declining to wed her.

Managerial Accounting Quiz 1 Essay Example for Free

Administrative Accounting Quiz 1 Essay Sections 1 and 2 10 Points 1. Complete the appropriate response sheet underneath by setting a X under each heading that recognizes the cost in question. The Xs can be put under more than one heading for a solitary expense. (5 Points) Variable Cost Fixed Cost Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufactu ring Overhead Period Cost Materials costs X X Creation line laborers compensation X X Creation Equipment rental X X Industrial facility Building deterioration X X Publicizing costs X X 2. A fractional posting of expenses caused at Rust Corporation during August shows up beneath: Acquisition of crude materials†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $ 135,000 Direct labor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 73,000 Industrial facility Utilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11,000 Sales Commissions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 69,000 Administrative Salaries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 101,000 Indirect Labor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 89,000 Depreciation of Production Equipment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18,000 Indirect Materials†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10,000 Depreciation of Office Copy Machine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5,000 Crude materials stock, beginning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 97,000 Crude materials stock, ending†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 84,000 Work in process stock, beginning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 39,000 Work in process stock, ending†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 52,000 Completed merchandise stock, beginning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 106,000 Completed merchandise stock, ending†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 71,000 a. Set up a Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured in great structure. (3 Points) Direct Materials: Starting crude materials stock: $97,000 Include: Purchase of crude materials 135,000 Raw materials accessible for utilize 232,000 Deduct: Ending crude materials stock 84,000 Crude materials utilized underway $148,000 Direct Labor: 73,000 Assembling Overhead: 118,000 Complete assembling cost: 339,000 Include: Beginning work in process stock 39,000 378,000 Deduct: Ending work in process stock 52,000 Cost of merchandise made $326,000 b. Register the Cost of Goods Sold. (2 Points) Completed products stock, beginning$106,000 Include: Cost of products fabricated 326,000 Products ready to move 432,000 Deduct: Finished products stock, finishing 71,000 Cost of products sold $361,000 Administrative Acctg Quiz 2 †Fall 2012 NAME__ _______________________ Parts 3 and 4 10 Points 1. Pence Company is an assembling firm that utilizations work request costing. The organization applies overhead to occupations utilizing a foreordained overhead rate dependent on machine-hours. Toward the start of the year, the organization evaluated that it would work 44,000 machine hours and would bring about $176,000 in assembling overhead expense. During the year the accompanying genuine expenses and hours were acquired: Occupation A Job B Job C Job D Direct Materials$ 135,000 $ 129,000 $ 98,000 $ 103,000 Direct Labor $ 80,000 $ 85,000 $ 63,000 $ 68,000 Machine Hours 12,000 13,000 8,000 14,000 Number of Units 50 35 60 Backhanded Materials utilized: $ 34,000 Backhanded Labor: $ 63,000 Selling Costs: $134,000 Processing plant Utility Costs: $ 14,000 Processing plant Depreciation: $114,000 Managerial Salaries $157,000 Required: (5 focuses) a. Register the foreordained overhead rate 176000/44000= 4.00 b. Register the measure of overhead applied to each activity. A.12000*4= 48000 B. 13000*4= 52000 C. 8000*4= 32000 D. 14000*4= 56000 c. Expecting that Jobs A, B, and D were finished during the year, process the all out cost charged to each activity and the unit cost of the item created. A.5660 B.8543 D. 3983 d. Figure the equalization in Work In Process toward the year's end. 161,000 e. Process the measure of overhead under or overapplied. 176000-161000= 15000 f. Expecting the sum isn't material, compose the diary passage required to close the assembling overhead record toward the year's end. Work in Process 161,000 Assembling Overhead161,000 2. Elton Company utilizes the weighted-normal technique in its procedure costing framework. The organization includes materials toward the start of the procedure in Department M. Transformation costs were 75% finished regarding the 4,000 units in work in process at May 1 and half complete as for the 6,000 units in work in process at May 31. During May, 12,000 units were finished and moved to the following office. An investigation of the expenses identifying with work in process at May 1 and to creation action for May follows: Materials Transformation Work in process 5/1 $26,200 $19,370 Expenses included during May $26,900 $29,380 Required: Utilizing the weighted-normal strategy, decide the Equivalent Units of Production for Materials and Conversion Costs, the Cost per Equivalent Unit for Material and Conversion Cost, and the absolute item cost per Equivalent Unit. (5 Points) Identical units of creation Materials Conversion Transferred to next office.. 12,000 Ending work in process (materials: 6,000 units Ãâ€"100% complete; transformation: 6,000 units Ãâ€" half complete).. 6,000 3,000 Equivalent units of creation 18,000 15,000 Cost for every Equivalent Unit Materials Conversion Total Cost of starting work in process.. 26,200 19,370 Cost included during the period.. 26,900 29,380 Total cost (a) 53,100 48,750 Equivalent units of creation (b) 18,000 15,000 Cost for every proportional unit, (a) à · (b). 2.95 3.25 Total: $6.20

What is Austerity

What is Austerity The 2008 financial crisis shook the world’s financial institutions. The world economy did not just weaken at its knees â€" It collapsed entirely.The Great Recession was a period when countries around the world witnessed the worst GDP’s, unemployment rates and financial conditions since the aftermath of the second world war.In such a time, many governments took up austerity as the only way to support their economies in free fall.Now, another recession looms because of the ongoing trade war between the US and China, the globally spread wealth inequality, and a middle class crushed under the cost of just surviving.In such times, it is important to take a look back at the recession of 2008 and see whether Austerity was the right way to go.Did it improve the financial situation of countries that embraced it?Lets dive into the nitty-gritty details of austerity measures and see for ourselves if they work as well as they are advertised to be.WHAT IS AUSTERITY?If you were to check the Mer riam-Webster dictionary for the definition of the word “austerity”, you would find the following: “enforced or extreme economy”.Sounds terrifying?It is.As foreboding as it is, I admit that it would be entirely unfair to use a dictionary definition to define a socio-economic policy. So let’s try this again.What is austerity?Austerity refers to the measures taken by a country when it experiences difficult economic conditions. It’s when a government tries to reduce its budget deficit by using a combination of spending cuts and taxes.In simpler words, when the government is spending more than its making, it enters what is known as a ‘debt crisis, which means that it can no longer pay its debt.This can imply the complete economic ruin of a country which is why governments try to find a quick fix and run towards austerity measures.And what are austere measures? It’s when a government takes its scissors out and tries to balance the economic scale by cutting everything.Pensi ons? Educational reforms? Jobs? Payroll?Cut. Cut. Cut.Anything that is perceived as “surplus” by the government is kissed goodbye and higher taxes are welcomed in with flowers.Austerity is justified on the fact that it makes logical sense. What do you do when you don’t have money? You stop spending money on what you don’t deem important anymore.That’s exactly how governments implement austerity.To come out from their debt, they suspend ‘unnecessary’ projects and policies that utilize national funds and try to earn more through means of higher taxes. The economy goes through an oscillation, which is referred to as an ‘economic cycle.Without delving too much into the jargon, the cycle consists of two primary periods- growth and recession.Depending on factors such as interest rates, consumer spending, and GDP, the economic cycle decides which stage it is currently at.In times of austerity, these factors are all ignored, and the government shifts its primary focus on try ing to the structural deficit.It ignores the natural graph of things and imposes on to the economy, a forced projection, through means of higher taxes and greater cuts, at the expense of higher unemployment rates and lower quality of living.On paper, austerity seems only logical. However, austerity can veil many sinister aspects of the economy and often ends up punishing the public for the crimes and greed of a few individuals and entities.That is why the UK, a country who adopted austere measures after the great recession, has always had to deal with a strong push back against the austerity drive.Austerity measures are often associated with higher unemployment and lower economic growth. Workers in the public sector are laid off in huge numbers, projects in the public sector are abandoned, and tax cuts are given to the private sector to help them rebound.In the wake of these policies, poverty rates can soar.Homelessness, unemployment and a general drop in quality of life are evident .A clear example of this has been the outcome of the UKs 10 years in   austerity.By the end of 2018, despite being the 5th largest economy in the world, 14 million people were living in poverty in the UK.There are two sides to this coin.However, to understand both sides and make a stand in favor of either one, we must first look back at the austerity drives in recent history and understand their effects on the economy, the people and the government.IMPACT OF AUSTERITY POLITICS ON SOCIETY AND ECONOMYOver the last decade, the austerity measures taken by the UK and other European government have left an impact on the fabric of society.The budgets for policing, housing and welfare have been categorically slashed while the government tries to reduce the fiscal deficit.However, this relentless drive to cut down costs has left an impact on the social and economic health of the middle and lower class citizens of the countries.According to the November report by Philip Alston, the United Nat ions special rapporteur for extreme poverty and human rights, the British government’s policies of austerity are directly linked to a rise in poverty in the United Kingdom.Alston said that the government’s efforts to reduce spending were “entrenching high levels of poverty and inflicting unnecessary misery in one of the richest countries in the world.Since 2010, the Conservative government has announced more than 30 billion pounds, or nearly $40 billion, in cuts to welfare payments, housing subsidies, and social services, and the British leadership is in a state of denial about the devastation its policies have wrought, the United Nations said.The use of foodbanks almost doubled between 2013 and 2017. Around 800,000 children were lifted out of poverty because of the efforts of both conservative and Labour parties between 1998 and 2012.However, after the Parliament passed the Welfare Reform Act in 2012, about 600,000 children have fallen below the poverty line again.During the same period, Trussel Trust, the country’s largest network of food banks, reported a three-fold increase in the number of children receiving their help.This misery is not limited to those who are jobless. Two-thirds of the children in poverty have at least one parent who works, according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies. Crimes rates have surged to their 10 years high in England and Wales.Police leaders blame cutbacks to the police forces that have seen a reduction of 20,000 officers in the police force.However, analysts believe that the rise in crime is a direct effect of austerity cuts to social services and youth programs.The austerity cuts to the police force have also forced them to take on the responsibility for several social pathologies that would otherwise fall on the shoulders of agencies; that have been eliminated or had their budgets cut because of austerity.That has put even more pressure on the already stretched out police force.The Trussel Charity also found that the use of food banks had increased in the areas where the new ‘Universal Credit System had been introduced as compared to the areas where it had not been implemented yet.The Universal Credit System was meant to simplify the claims process and merged six separate benefits into just one.The universal credit system’s implementation has been a source of controversy itself. It forced families reliant on these benefits into waiting for five weeks before the first payment arrived, pushing many into debt.Furthermore, the system was supposed to be fully implemented two years ago. However, the deadline has been extended until 2023 now.A SHORT HISTORY OF AUSTERITYTo experience a complete timeline of Austerity and to trace the word from its origins back in 348 BC to its current implementation in 2019, it would be a rather long and comprehensive journey.While the insightful author Mark Blythe does a fantastic job of doing so in his recent book named “Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea”, this article will take you on a much shorter journey.Admittedly, well be missing a few destinations in our little field trip but at least well be back home for lunch. So, buckle up kids and dont use flash.We dont want to disturb our historic skeletons.BirthLets start at the very beginning. While Austerity can be regarded as a relatively modern 20th-century socio-economic policy, its origins can be traced back to Aristotle.The historian Florian Shui argued that it was in 348 BC that Aristotle managed to birth the concept of Austerity as an idealistic conception, even if he did not explicitly coin the term.Aristotle was a man who belonged to great wealth, yet he argued against the ills of excess and on multiple occasions, advocated for “abstinence”.He believed that if one wanted to lead a good life, they would have to abandon the pursuit of greater wealth.The art of economic stability, according to the famous philosopher, lay within the art of managing finances within mea ns, to achieve an economic equilibrium.Now while this may seem a little daunting at first glance, a closer look at this ideology, allows us to see the concept of Austerity, taking its first breath.While wrapped in extensive jargon, what Aristotle says is fairly simple: to be financially stable, don’t spend what you don’t have. A baseline for austerity measures.AdolescenceAs Austerity measures have been justified on the onus of being logical, austerity has often been justified in this capacity by using the arguments of early liberal economic thinkers to provide the controversial economic policy with the credibility of being based in historic worldly rationale.While an ocean of historic information exists, let’s only visit a couple of our most influential austerity drivers, for as beautiful as the ocean is, we lack the time to drown in its knowledge.John Locke, famously known as the “Father of Liberalism”, has been credited for laying the conceptual foundations of Austerity, in his theory of private property.Without delving too deep in the extensive jargon that is used by Locke, the arguments that he lays in favor of Austerity are fairly simple.Locke argues that the citizens of a country have a moral weight to support and trust their government and to pay taxes.David Hume, in his arguments about the virtue of merchants, further emphasizes this point, providing legitimacy to market economics and emphasizing the disastrous role of debt that exists within a nation.So, let’s break this down: These classical philosophers believed that the sole role of the government was in limiting debt and providing nation defense- at any other social cost, thereby holstering the way for the concept of austerity to take a stronghold in future world economics.Early LifeIn the 19th century, the views of opposing debt were further cemented into what formed “classical economics”, a theoretical bible to the doctrine of austerity.It was argued here that while employment wa s the most favorable face a dice should lie on, in times of economic difficulty, emphasis must be laid on removing debt, even if that comes riding on the back of social welfare.The next couple hundred years formed further developments in the theoretical discussions of the doctrine of Austerity.By the 20th century, Austerity had been codified as a doctrine of neoliberalism, a tool that had already been used by a large number of countries, throughout the world, even before it wore a permanent nametag on its collar.The Great DepressionWhile the works of famous personalities are important to appreciate the value of Austerity, lets take a look at one of the most drastic implementations of Austerity.During the early 1900s, the great depression first reared the head of Austerity in its entirety. During this interwar period, countries such as Germany, France, Japan, and Britain all struggled to stay afloat economically, as the world suffered from the worst economic downturn since the age of the industrial revolution.With empty banks, a stock market crash, the only tool that these countries could see to use was that of Austerity.Desperate to revitalize the world economy, these countries began drastic austere measures, cutting down on everything to eradicate their debt.Warren G, of the United States, said, We are going to cut the garment to fit the cloth. And cut, they did. Pensions? Cut. Jobs? Cut. Social Services? Cut. Education? Cut. Cut everything.In Germany, the Social democrats allowed the hike of unemployment to soar to 30%, which also eventually paved the way for fascist ideologies to erupt within the nation. Britain witnessed a rise in joblessness from 10.4% to 22.1% during the short span of 1929-1932.In Japan, household incomes were reduced to half their original values. These measures caused havoc within the people of the world- arguably leading to the war times that came next. Source:  shmoop.com Source: darden.virginia.eduThe Great RecessionThe last stop on our tour is the Great Recession, a demon from our recent past. Austerity is thus not a historic relic, but an active one.In the times of the Great Recession in the early 2000s, the world saw the next biggest financial crisis after the great depression.A devastating financial drop that led to the drowning of the banking, real estate, and financial markets.Many European countries adopted austerity measures and reduced their debt.Similar to before, these countries decided to implement shrinking their expenditure to come out of their financial slump.With countries such as Greece reducing its budget deficit from 10.4% of GDP to 9.6 % in one year.The Eurozone countries were able to drastically reduce their debt; however, the rates of unemployment grew in inverse. In countries like Spain, Greece, and the UK, unemployment reached record levels by March of 2013, going up to 12.1%. Source: Eurostat Source: researchgate.netAUSTERITY AND WELFARE STATESTo understand the connection between welfare states and austere ones is nothing short of drawing a comparison between the comic book superhero and villain.Yes, it is unfair to reduce politics to this simplicity, but it is also difficult to deny how welfare states and austere states have the relationship of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.Welfare states, the Dr. Jekyll of our scenario, are defined as nations who adopt a form of government that is an economy ensuring the social and economic progress of its citizens, based on the ideology of equal distribution of wealth and equal opportunity.It is a system that promises to take care of its citizens from the cradle to the grave, promising a decent quality of life. Countries such as Germany and the UK advertise themselves as proponents of the concept of being social welfare nations.However, after the wake of the 21st-century great recession, the austerity measures deployed by these social welfar e countries have proved to be a direct assault on the principles that these countries theoretically exist on, posing as Dr. Jekyll but acting as Mr. Hyde instead.Social EnvironmentsDr. Jekyll: Social welfare promises healthy living environments for its citizens.Mr. Hyde: Austerity in comparison, poses a direct threat to these stances by reducing expenditure, reducing tax revenue sources and increasing unemployment. All of which weaken the utopic socio-economic paradigm that is promised by social welfare. Lower Income Societal SegmentsDr. Jekyll:   A social welfare state promises the people with lower incomes an economic environment where their rights are protected, and their wellbeing is entrusted within the concepts of equal opportunity.Mr. Hyde:   Austerity, on the other hand, robs these groups of these benefits and rather takes advantage of these segments of society. Austerity measures focus on limiting expenditures in the social realms that have an impact on the poor, for they c onsider them to be leeches and undeserving of any social power, simply because they lack political power.Instead, these groups are targeted for their existence and the inhumane treatments are justified on the stance that people are responsible for their own social and economic health- a gift that cannot be endowed by the government.While many can engage in an ethical and moralistic debate regarding this viewpoint, the fact of the matter is that were not viewing these changes from a solely theoretical point of view. Countries, in the past 20 years have adopted measures of austerity, and the people have suffered.Case StudyAn avid case study of this argument is the plethora of countries in the European continent. A notable shift has been viewed from redistributing wealth to imposing austerity budget cuts.These have been used by countries such as Greece, Italy, Spain, and the UK.To ensure stability within financial arenas of the world, these countries have sacrificed the quality of life of the people who reside within their nations, robbing them off of basic health care, state benefits, education, public services and even the provision of jobs. Source: bbc.comAfter World War 2, Britain responded to the financial crisis it had incurred by forming a structure that resembled that of a welfare state.After the financial crisis of 2008, however, Britain took a complete 180 and fashioned its society into a replica of an austerity-driven economy.Currently, reports show that by 2020, Britain will make cuts to their social welfare programs by a massive 36 billion dollars a year.This translates as the loss of 1200 US dollars per working person, per year.Measures of austerity in the UK have deprived millions of health care, spending on police forces had dropped by 17 percent, spending on infrastructure has dropped to a 1/4th of its original value. Source: ft.comThe rift between austerity and social welfare is a draconian one.As Barry Kushner said “Austerity has nothing to do with economics.It’s only about getting people out from welfare protection and abandoning the plight of vulnerable people”THE MOST COMMON MEASURES OF AN AUSTERE STATETo understand the implementation of austerity, it is important to revisit the purpose of austerity itself.Austerity is a political-economic term that is used to cut down on budget deficits incurred by a country using tax reforms and spending cuts.It is a tool that is deployed by nations that are overwhelmed by debt so that the bridge between revenue and spending is met. Two basic routes allow the practical implementation of austerity are taxes and growth reforms.TaxesTaxes are raised to fund national finances and raise revenues. It is based on what is referred to as the Angela Merkel model which illustrates the need for raising taxes while reducing government expenditures that are conside red less essential.An example of this is the reform in Greece that raised increased value-added taxes to 23% in 2010, introduced new taxes on private property and promoted a 10% tariff on imported goods.Austerity tax measures target the wealthier segments of society and raise taxes on value-added goods. Furthermore, privately owned businesses are also taxed to reap benefits for the state. Source: forum.effectivealtruism.orgGrowthTo promote growth, there is an emphasis that is laid down on cutting spending.This is implemented differently in different nations adopting austerity measures; however, the backbone ideology remains the same, working on a social level.These are done by lowering minimum wage, reducing government employment, increasing working hours and removing any due protections that are granted against wrongful terminations.Furthermore, government programs that support the public such as pensions, health care, and other socio-economic benefits are all halted by the governments to reduce spending.Restrictions are placed on traveling and critical commodities are rationed. Interest promoting government securities are also slashed to reduce interest obligations that the government has to meet.Government-owned businesses are also privatized, so that the nation may raise revenue to fight off the threat of debt.Furthermore, health care benefits are revoked by the c ountry. There is also cutback in other social segments of society such a defense, education, infrastructure, social services, and foreign aid.In countries where these measures have been implemented, the steps taken have been drastic.After the Eurozone crisis in 2011, Greece implemented extensive austerity policies in the domestic market.All non-essential government projects were canceled, government employment was reduced by 150,000, public wages were lowered by a whopping 17 percent, pension benefits were cut by 40 percent, property taxes were raised to 2-16 euros per square meter and all subsidies were canceled. Nearly 35 billion Euro worth of government assets were privatized.However, the stimulus for such drastic measures provides a weak impetus for these to be carried out. The sacrifice that is made for a better national fiscal budget comes from the working class and the citizens of the nation, who are bled dry by the economic strains that are placed on them. Austerity measures have been regarded as “punitive, mean-spirited and often callous” by the United Nations and rightfully so.Not only do these measures produce worse results in the shifting of economic recession but they force the people of the country to live in poverty, deprived of basic essential and living commodities. In the UK, it is estimated that child poverty can rise by a rate of 40% until 2022. Austerity is a wrecking machine weakening the fabric of the society that it feeds off.MYTH BUSTERS: AUSTERITYAs New York Times columnist Paul Krugman wrote, much of what people believe in rests on prejudices, not analysis.This is a powerful insight into the current dynamics of the politics of austerity.As the majority of the worlds population wrestles with economic depression, there has become a norm to adopt fiscal austerity as the solution.However, even a child would notice the logical fallacy in this approach.Essentially, all these massive economies have put their head together and said in a tribute to Homer Simpson, Hey, we hate being poor so lets immediately get even poorer. Fight poverty with more poverty.However, the truth is never so simple. Let’s try and walk through a few of the arguments that proponents of austerity present and consider their value.Argument 1: Cutbacks in social programs can put the band-aid on deficit problemsThe biggest argument that favors austerity is that deep cutbacks in social programs can help fix deficit problems and provide a boost to the economy. However, in reality, this ideological approach is far from pragmatic.Since 2010, various governments have adopted this idea to stabilize bond markets, to repay bond obligations and halt economic degeneration to calm the markets.The US and countries in Europe have all jumped on the bandwagon, bleeding slogans of the dire need to cut public expenditure. Even the IMF has propagated for this approach and has continued to advise countries to slash budgets in poor economic weathers.However, in re ality, these implementations have worsened the conditions of the country that they promised to improve. Countries such as the UK, Portugal, and Greece have cut their budgets to holster the bond markets.However, what has happened in actuality is that these countries have observed higher interest rates on their bonds instead.With higher unemployment, shrunken national economies, slower revenue, growth prospects have further fallen.Greece has seen a harder return at revitalizing its economy, with its GDP ratio rising from 130 percent in 2009 to 160% in 2011, after two years of implementing austerity measures. Greece GDP. Source: tradingeconomics.comAccording to the IMF, cutting budges has shown to historically worsen recession and increase economic deficits.These measures have been shown such poor results that the worsening conditions in the eurozone have motivated countries such as India and China to steer away from fiscal austerity, allowing them to move to economies which offer higher national spending, lower interest rates and promoting the private sector.Argument 2: Nations don’t grow out of debt.The argument is conducted in the following fashion:Austerity proponents: “Why should the government be spending money that it does not have? You must stay within your budget.”Austerity opponents: “Public deficit spending is not like the financial structure of an industry or a household”.To draw a parallel between industrial expenditure and that of a sovereign nation is entirely futile as it makes the point of monetary policies completely futile.Governments do not pay back creditors by breaking up spending and balancing losses by selling their assets.They do so by creating finances from central banks and using this money to purchase bonds to stabilize deficits by paying interests.The philosophy of deficit financing has been undertaken by Japan and has yielded sustainable and positive results.It is, therefore, naïve to reduce governments to the financial budgeting of a middle-class family household.CONCLUSION Source: twitter.com  Austerity has been advertised as a messiah to the economic recession. A savior of the countries caught in the whirlpool of debt and poverty.It has been defended on the principles of being a logical solution to the issues of budget deficits, based off of the simple logic served to a child, if you spend less, youll save more.However, evidence to implemented austerity measures has been nothing less of a tribute to an Orwellian society- terrifying, stifling, inhumane. And the effects of austerity have failed to produce substantial positive economic results, evidence has pointed to a worsening of economic conditions and GDP deficits.The realism of austerity is simple: it lies on the utopic understanding of economies and does brutal injustice to the people living in austere environments.The past two centuries have provided substantial evidence for the failure of this ideology with countries such as Greece, living so close to the poverty line that recovery seems distant , if not impossible. Austerity does not reduce debt; it makes it bigger. It does not save nations from poverty; it paves the way for social and economic demise.As Mark Blyth states in his book, “Austerity doesn’t work. Period”.

The Mentoring Program At Huntsville - 1509 Words

RAYBEN Mentoring Blueprint Introduction The RAYBEN Mentoring Program at Huntsville, AL is a tailored program that extends the ability to inspire career development and facilitate academic growth. The key objective is to enrich both the mentor and mentee through the exchange of personal experiences, wisdom, guidance, and understanding. The immediate expansion of knowledge, skill sets, networking opportunities, and personal growth are key components to be obtained by mentees. The achievement of networking opportunities, feedback and scholarship are fundamental aspects that RAYBEN recognizes as a key benefit to the prospective mentors. The overall mentor-mentee relationship will allow perspective and vision to be recognized†¦show more content†¦Each mentor will receive a reference check from the selection committee. The reference check will include a referral and application review, which will be the responsibility of the mentor to present to the selection committee prior to the mentee matching processes. All mentors will be required to attend periodic mentor group meetings for collaborative feedback. Initial contact with a mentee must be made by a mentor within 1 week of the assigned pairing notification. Mentor training will be completed by all new mentors and maintained for all current mentors. Training documentation and instruction will be provided electronically or manually through the support of the program selection committee. The Roles and Responsibilities of a Mentee The mentee is the absorber of the knowledge provided by the mentor and should demonstrate the desire to receive and utilize what has been provided. The mentee will be the lead in determining what type of guidance is needed. He or she will maintain the active responsibility of their learning and development through the management of expectations and communication. Mentees of the program will include second semester Freshmen and above that attend a 4-year College or University. The student will be required to submit all program criteria and must be selected by the RAYBEN selection committee. The selection committee will base selection on the thoroughness, legibleness, and overall content of the

The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 1728 Words

Slavery, as a form of labor, has not inflamed a whole-scale political and social crisis more seriously anywhere than in the United States during the nineteenth century. In fact, the slaves were forced, kidnapped or â€Å"born† to be the suppressed and were not only required to perform endless labor, but also tortured, suppressed and bestially destroyed in numerous heartless ways — physically and mentally. However, a few decades before the outbreak of the civil war, it was barely possible for the ordinary to know about the details of how the slaves lived in the south due to several factors such as the limit of communications. Fortunately, Fredrick Douglass, an educated run-away slave, wrote and published â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick†¦show more content†¦For example, Douglass narrates that a woman slave was killed brutally by her mistress because she just had a rest while the baby whom she took care of was crying. A trivial â€Å"mistake† shockingly cost her life to pay for the baby’s cry. Also, they were not allowed to read, write and learn, which further kept them as â€Å"properties with only feelings†. By doing this, the masters and overseers torn down the slaves’ spirits and infuse one so-called indubitable belief into what the slaves â€Å"held† to be true — they were born to be slaves and nothing could change their status. During the nineteenth century, young women workers went on strike because of over exploitation on them. Indentured servants rose up because of mistreats. However, the slaves were always kept in their traps because they were suppressed from birth to death, were unable to tell what they could have except their current situation, and were forced to spend most of their time and energy on stealing some coarse bread to survive.By implementing all those inhumane conducts described by Douglass in his narrative, slaves were suppressed to a state that their emotions became plain, their desires became trivial and their nerves became numb, which is exactly the situation that the plantation owners wanted. Furthermore, the communities of slaves were fragmented and rarely developed because their relationships were grievously twisted under theShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives wa s lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciat ion for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experienc es of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass939 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Freedom In 1845, an African-American man named Frederick Douglass released a thought-provoking autobiography that would become a turning point in revolutionary change. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was the first autobiography Douglass had written focusing on the real life struggles he has faced during his time spent in bondage. During his time, it was not common for an African-American to have the skills to read and write, and it was especially uncommon to publish

Marketing Innovation Free Essays

string(1191) " strategy that can be used to introduce the product to the market place After more than a decade of development, Daimler begins to commercialize its experimental fuel-cell-powered- electric car Next step: to develop this new product into alternative product concepts – Concept 1: A moderately priced subcompact designed as a second family car to be used around town Concept 2: A medium-cost sporty compact appealing to young people – Concept 3: An inexpensive subcompact green car – Concept 4: A high-end sport –utility vehicle \(SUV\) appealing those who love the space Phase 3: Marketing strategy development \* Develop a marketing strategy that can be used to introduce the product to the market place \* Identify the target market \* Estimate its size \* Determine how the product can be positioned \* Plan pricing, distribution and promotion expenditures Phase 4: Technical development \* The product moves into product develop RD or engineering devel ops the product concept into a physical product â€Å"Look beyond simply creating products that satisfy consumers needs and wants†¦ Companies work to fashion products that are both satisfying and easy to manufacture\." Marketing Innovation â€Å"Because the purpose of business is to create a customer, the business enterprise has two—and only two—basic functions: marketing and innovation. Marketing and innovation produce results; all the rest are costs. † Peter Drucker (The Father of Management Theory) INTRODUCTION Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Innovation or any similar topic only for you Order Now American Marketing Association 2007) An innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations. (OECD 2005) Four types of innovations are distinguished: product innovations, process innovations, marketing innovations and organizational innovations. (OECD 2005) * A product (service) innovation is the introduction of a good or service that is new or significantly improved with respect to its characteristics or intended uses. This includes significant improvements in technical specifications, components and materials, incorporated software, user friendliness or other functional characteristics. * A process innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved production or delivery method. This includes significant changes in techniques, equipment and/or software. * An organizational innovation is the implementation of a new organizational method in the firm’s business practices, workplace organization or external relations. A marketing innovation is the implementation of a new marketing method involving significant changes in product design or packaging, product placement, product promotion or pricing. The OCED’s definition is too narrow : it reduces the scope of marketing by separating between marketing, product innovation and delivery. If we mixed the two definition we can propose that with a marketing lenses an innovation is : â€Å"the implementation of a new or significa ntly improved method, process or practices in creating, communicating, delivering, and xchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large† * Innovation in marketing could be related to : * The creation (Iphone), * The communication (Web2. 0), * The delivery (Internet), * Or exchanging (Michelin) * offerings that have value 2 Main objective: Understanding and mastering the process from new ideas generation to new value offering for the stakeholders Degree of differenciation of consumer expectations| Degree of improvement in technology | | Low | High| Low | Continuous innovation(cordless phone)| Market breakthroughts (parabolic skis)| | High| Technology breakthroughts (passage from video players to DVD player)| Radical innovation(cell phone)| Innovation continuum Continuous innovation * Modification to an existing product that does not require a change in learning * Improvement of an existing product without major changes Dynamically Conti nuous Innovations * Modification to an existing product that requires a modest amount of learning or change in behavior to use it Discontinuous innovation (radical innovation) Major changes in the way we live * Product innovation which break the rules and the norms * New consumption behaviors and use * Technology Example: Sharing documents on Internet, Downloading musics, E-business and virtual stores, Free software, Hybrid cars New product development process 3 Phase 1: Idea Generation Sources of new ideas * Internal idea sources: * Formal research and development * â€Å"Intrapreneurial† programmes * External idea sources: * Customers * Pilot customers : Pilot customers methods The estimated annual sales of new products developed based on ideas generated by pilot customers are eight times higher than estimated sales of innovations developed from more traditional methods. Pilot Customer: users †¢Brainstorming  : Characteristics of brainstorming | 1. | Write a clear, focused objective | 2. | Select participants for the team | 3. | Prepare for the session | 4. | At the session – Rules for brainstorming. | Rules: * A conversation at the same time * Be focused on the subject * Be visual (drawing) * Encourage crazy ideas * The quantity is more important than the quality * Negative comments have to be avoided No interruptions from outside Role of the team leader: * Contribute to, but not inhibit the flow of ideas * Don’t be too controlling * Encourage participation from everyone * Introduce creative games * Call the â€Å"time out† to review and evaluate ideas that have been generated Method * Write a list of ideas (uses) * Classify ide as thanks to criteria * Find common points between application : â€Å"pseudo segments† 4 Interviews Motivation * Focus group / individual interviews Characteristics of focus group | Group size | 8 to 12 | Group composition | Homogeneous: respondents prescreened | Physical setting | Relaxed, informal atmosphere | Time duration | 1 to 3 hours | Recording | Record all the discussion with sound an video | Moderator | Observational, interpersonal, communication skills | * Individual interview  : Type of interview | Required skills | Structured interview | Neutrality, no prompting, no improvisation | Semi-structured interview | Some probing, rapport with interviewee, understanding the aims of the project | Open-ended interview or depth interview | Flexibility, rapport with interviewee, active listening | Focus group | Facilitation skills, flexibility, ability to stand back from the discussion so that group dynamics can emerge | Characteristics of semi-structured individual interviews | Group size | Face to face, one-one-one basis | Interview structure | Semi-structured, direct, personal interview. Use of an interview guide | Physical setting | Relaxed, informal atmosphere | Time duration | One hour | Recording | Use of audiocassettes and videotapes | Moderator | Observational, interpersonal, communication skills | * 5 Focus on semi-structural individual interview Questioning style * Open ended, non-directive * Little or no direction on how to answer * Relate to topic in own way * Use own language Probing – for detail, depth, clarification – Prompting – encouraging respondent to answer * Non-verbal, repeating, rephrasing, summarising * Salespeople * Service providers * Anyone with direct customer contact * Competitors  : Companies watch competitors’ ads and other communications (new-product pre-announcements) to get clues about their new products * Distributors, suppliers and ot hers  : Companies watch competitors’ ads and other communications (new-product pre-announcements) to get clues about their new products Example of Brainstorming: anti-odor product First step: write a list of uses * Dirty socks, Ashtrays, Changing rooms, Refrigerators, Elevators, Subway tunnels†¦ * Second step: classify ideas * Development of a notation system * A Possible today * B possible soon * C difficult and risky * Criteria * Technicity faisability, cost, market accessibility, competitors, time of solution * Third step: Find common points How customers can use the product| Passage from 80 ideas to 8  « pseudo-market segments  »| What is its added value? | Deodorization public places| Types of customers| Chemicalplants| Places| Household odors†¦. | Phase 2: Product development * Expand ideas into more complete product concepts * Describe features the product should have and benefits those features will provide * 6 Evaluate chance for success * Develop a marketing strategy that can be used to introduce the product to the market place After more than a decade of development, Daimler begins to commercialize its experimental fuel-cell-powered- electric car Next step: to develop this new product into alternative product concepts – Concept 1: A moderately priced subcompact designed as a second family car to be used around town Concept 2: A medium-cost sporty compact appealing to young people – Concept 3: An inexpensive subcompact green car – Concept 4: A high-end sport –utility vehicle (SUV) appealing those who love the space Phase 3: Marketing strategy development * Develop a marketing strategy that can be used to introduce the product to the market place * Identify the target market * Estimate its size * Determine how the product can be positioned * Plan pricing, distribution and promotion expenditures Phase 4: Technical development * The product moves into product develop RD or engineering develops the product concept into a physical product â€Å"Look beyond simply creating products that satisfy consumers needs and wants†¦ Companies work to fashion products that are both satisfying and easy to manufacture. You read "Marketing Innovation" in category "Essay examples" † Phase 5: Marketing Test * It lets the company test the product and its entire marketing programme – positioning, advertising, distribution, pricing, branding and budget levels Phase 6: Commercialization Launch the product! * Full scale production * Distribution * Advertising * Sales promotion * and more 7 INNOVATING BY SERVICES Innovation and Marketing Decision: The customers’ values issue An economic opportunity exists for an innovation when a new value proposition to customer is possible Agreeing the PSS statement (Product Service System)  «Ã‚  What is important is not our offer but what our customers do with it  Ã‚ », there are three kinds of value propositions for an innovation. Innovation and the first customer’s value proposition: * Customer Values are embedded in a three stages consumption scenario. * These stages define three kinds of value. * Stage 1: Decision (potential value) * Stage 2: The exchange (value in exchange) Stage 3: usage (value in use) Innovation in potential value First innovative value proposition: Innovation concerning the facilities The facilities include all company resources: employees, know-how, technology, nominal goods †¦ and other facilities that must be accessible (before offer provision is feasible). Make perceptible the strength of a promise POTENT IAL VALUE from facilities stage in an offer provision scenario, ex IBIS Hotel 8 POTENTIAL VALUE from facilities stage in a service provision scenario: ex vending machine Innovation in value in exchange Second innovative value proposition : Innovation concerning the transformation process This is the stage in which company resources are combined with other companies’ resources in order to transform them. Companies act as prime resources integrators and the innovation consists of new ways of co-operating, collaborating, co-branding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In this case, these values in exchange will have to be new values in use for the customers †¦ to be successful VALUE IN EXCHANGE from the exchange stage in an offer provision scenario: ex Senseo, Nike+ iphone app This transformation stage can also exhibit innovation concerning CUSTOMER VALUE in EXCHANGE. Offer provision can include a transformation of customer resources in terms of persons (surgery, hair cuts†¦), physical objects (e. g. car repairs†¦), nominal good (e. g. investment banking, rights (e. g. lawyers.. ) and/or data (tax advisors†¦)†¦ It contains elements which are either pre-prepared within producers’ facilities, or are co-produced by customer and provider during the integration and the transformation of customer resources. Innovation consists of changing the way of integrating the customers’ resources with those of the producers’ VALUE IN EXCHANGE. Innovation in producers-customers co-production: ex Wikipedia Innovation and the third Customer’s Value proposition. Innovation in customer’s value in use The usage stage exhibits CUSTOMER VALUE IN USE. Innovation consists of proposing to customer new values in use, perceived as new solutions. Ex: Wii for the seniors Definition of servicization The key idea behind product service systems is that consumers do not specifically demand products, per se, but rather are seeking the utility these products and services provide. By using a service to meet some needs rather than a physical object, more needs can be met with lower material and energy requirements. A product service system is a competitive system of products, services, supporting networks and infrastructure. The system includes product maintenance, parts recycling and eventual product replacement, which satisfy customer needs competitively and with lower environmental impact over the life cycle. â€Å"A Product-Service System can be defined as the result of an innovation str ategy, shifting the business focus from designing and selling physical products only, to selling a system of products and services which are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands. Meeting consumers’ needs with a mix of products and services is not a new concept. House rentals, hotels, taxis and restaurants are good examples based on economic interest. There are other new and innovative applications of product service systems that have developed as a response to make business more sustainable. The main difference between product service systems and the classic examples is that the preference of consumers is influenced by environmental, as well as economic interests. Source: UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME DIVISION OF TECHNOLOGY, INDUSTRY AND ECONOMICS 10 Innovation by servicization : an attractive way to Innovate on the markets Three ways to develop innovation by servicization : 1- Product oriented services Provided to increase or optimize the product life cycle, these supplementary services are offered to guarantee functionality and durability of the product (e. g. maintenance and repair, upgrading and substitution services over a specified time period, advise and consultancy for use optimisation, etc. ). 2- Usage oriented services The product is made available in a different form to the customer, is sometimes shared by number of users, but stays in ownership with the provider. It is the usage of the product rather than the product itself that is invoiced, without transfer of ownership (e. g. car sharing or car pooling, tools location, financial leasing, etc. ). Ex: http://www. lamachineduvoisin. fr/ 3- Result-oriented services (functional economy) Result-oriented services (or functional services): in this most accomplished form of servicization, the seller does not sell a product anymore to the customer, but the desired result rendered by the product. Rather than selling pesticides to farmers for example, the seller decides to offer a global service contract that guarantee a maximal acceptable loss on crops. A BM based on the sold products quantity A BM based on a service rate Sell a maximum loss rate on crops Firm in functional service is looking for less costly alternating solutions as the reintroduction of parasitics predatories or the earth reoxygenation by earthworms or using RD in biology, agronomy, entomology.. The competitiveness of the seller depends on its ability to optimise the PSS implemented to reach this goal and to use the least possible resources and energy to reach the targeted acceptable loss. Such functional services are implemented with great success by companies such as Xerox (Xerox Global Services) or Michelin (Michelin Fleet Solutions) for example. How to cite Marketing Innovation, Essay examples

Gatsby Color Essay Research Paper F Scott free essay sample

Gatsby Color Essay, Research Paper F. Scott Fitzgerald s usage of symbolism and colourss in The Great Gatsby is outstanding in every chapter of his novel. To to the full understand the significance of his colour usage, a reader must acknowledge the state of affairss in which these colourss are used. The colour viridity is traditionally associated with spring, hope, and youth. One possible significance of the colour viridity is envy. Gatsby can be seen as an covetous, covetous character. He one time had the love of his life, Daisy, but now she is married to another adult male. He spends all of his clip and attempt in an effort to win back Daisy. It is besides likely that Fitzgerald uses green to typify money and it s power in society. Money regulations the lives of the people in the narrative. Gatsby needs money to populate the life that he does. We will write a custom essay sample on Gatsby Color Essay Research Paper F Scott or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gatsby besides feels he needs the money to win back Daisy s love. The colour viridity can both typify enviousness and money ; nevertheless, the most sensible significance would hold to be one of future hope, particularly in Gatsby s instance. The usage of a green visible radiation at the terminal of a landing phase to signal a romantic reunion, is intriguingly similar to the green visible radiation at the terminal of Daisy # 8217 ; s Buchanan # 8217 ; s dock, which becomes a cardinal image in The Great Gatsby. The initial visual aspect of the green visible radiation occurs when Nick sees Gatsby for the first clip, standing in forepart of his sign of the zodiac and stretching out his weaponries to # 8220 ; # 8230 ; a individual green visible radiation, minute and far off that might hold been the terminal of a dock. # 8221 ; The light becomes, for Gatsby, the symbol of a reunion with Daisy. This reunion seems justifiable, yet it is so far off from coming true. Gold and yellow are colourss that symbolize old wealth. The colourss green and gold contrast in a important manner. In old times people used gold as a agency for exchange, but as a national currency was established green money replaced the gold and gold no longer even backed the dollar. So, gold represents the old money and green represents the new. In the same manner, gold symbolizes Daisy and Tom s old money and green symbolizes Gatsby s new money. One might state that Gatsby is â€Å"green.† To contrast this Tom is gold. In the same manner that green and gilded contrast so do Gatsby and Tom. Jordan and Daisy are besides represented by gold. â€Å"†¦Jordan s slender aureate arm resting in mine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦high in the white castle the male monarch s girl, the aureate girl†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The aureate miss is, of class, Daisy. Daisy # 8217 ; s character is enhanced by Fitzgerald # 8217 ; s usage of the colour white to bespeak Daisy # 8217 ; s freshness and artlessness. He notes the # 8220 ; glittering white house # 8221 ; , the # 8220 ; airy, white suites, # 8221 ; and Daisy lounging in a white frock. Daisy besides negotiations of her # 8220 ; white girlhood. # 8221 ; Fitzgerald evokes two significances of white: 1 is the traditional significance of pureness ; the second is the authorization of whiteness. Daisy, as she is ab initio presented, represents both privilege and pureness # 8211 ; a sort of princess figure. The usage of white aids to qualify her as the # 8220 ; enchanted princess # 8221 ; who becomes incarnate as Gatsby # 8217 ; s dream. However, the different sunglassess of white indicate that Daisy may non be an incarnation of pureness and that privilege may hold a corrupting consequence, at least when it is used to veil or gloss over misbehaviors. An egg is white is white ( pure an d inexperienced person ) on the outside, but yellow ( corrupt ) on the interior. This illustration corresponds exactly to the presentation of Daisy # 8217 ; s character through colour symbolism. Because of the figure of times it is mentioned throughout the text, white proves to be a colour that is critical to the novel. From Fitzgerald # 8217 ; s usage of the colour white in these assorted scenarios, the colour could be interpreted as: beauty, cleanliness, wealth, artlessness, virginity, and besides indolence. In Conclusion, F. Scott Fitzgerald s utilizations of colourss throughout The Great Gatsby turn out to be of importance to the development of the subject and to the development and features of the characters in the novel. These colourss give us a great apprehension of the characters and their lives.